Hiragana
for phrase-particles

To complete the hiragana Chapters, you need to learn one more character: .

Practice how to write following the video.


  (w)o

This is how to draw the character . It is composed of three strokes.

  • The first stroke is across.
  • The second stroke is down, turning into a curve up and over to the right.
  • The third stroke is a counterclockwise semicircle, a kind of "c" shape.

is used only for the phrase-particle o, which is explained in Lesson 22 of the SUN textbook. Although its pronunciation in modern Japanese is exactly the same as , it used to be pronounced wo. For this reason, it can be obtained by spelling wo on the computer.


Read the following sentences and compare with the recording:

あさってスキーをします
このチューリップをください。
チーズバーガーをひとつおねがいします。
わたしはテニスをしますが、ジョンさんはゴルフをします。
どうぞこちらへいらしてください。

Write the sentences above, in the window below.



Your PC should support Japanese characters.

Before we close this Chapter, take note that though hiragana spelling is basically regular and straightforward, there are a few points to pay attention to: 

(1)  is read wa when used as a phrase-particle.

(2)  is read e when used as a phrase-particle.

(3)  Words containing an ei sound tend to be pronounced ee, such as kiree for きれい (kirei), eego for えいご(eigo), etc.

(4)  Words containing an ou sound tend to be pronounced oo, such as ohayoo for おはよう (ohayou), doozo for どうぞ(douzo), soo desu for そうです (sou desu), etc. 

Now that you have become able to read all hiragana and katakana characters, you should basically be able to read any writing as long as it is written in these two types of characters. 

Restaurant menus, for instance, are most likely written in katakana if the restaurant offers Western food. Many traditional Japanese restaurants show their menus in hiragana. Many toilet articles like shampoos, conditioners, etc. write their names in katakana. All stations exhibit their names in hiragana as well as Roman letters. When it comes to actual reading materials, books for pre-school age children are probably the only document written only in hiragana

Unfortunately, this is about the only place where these two types of characters are exclusively used. In real adult readings, such as books, magazines, newspapers, etc., kanji are invariably used together with hiragana and katakana, to indicate the core parts of many words.


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