Silent mora and Twisted sounds

Silent mora
As you recall from katakana, small-sized , i.e. , is used to allow one silent mora, which is expressed in double consonants in Roman alphabet writing, such as ヒット for hitto, ヨーロッパ for Yooroppa, etc. By the same token, small-sized , i.e. , is used to give the same effect in hiragana.

Now, try to read the following Japanese place names:  
さっぽろ  [capital of Hokkaido]
とっとり  [a prefecture on the Japan Sea side]

Read the following Japanese words:
きって   [postage stamp]
きっぷ  [ticket]
はっぴ  [a kind of coat]

Please write the above names in the window below



Twisted sounds

Other small-sized characters used in katakana are , and , as you recall, such as キャラメル kyarameru (caramel), ミュージック myuujikku (music), etc. In the same way, , and in small size are used to give the same effect in hiragana.

To obtain しゃ on a computer, you can spell either sha (Hepburn-style) or sya (Nihon-style). The same thing for しゅ and しょ; you can spell either shu or syu for しゅ, and sho or syo for しょ. By the same token, じゃ, じゅ and じょ can be obtained on a computer by spelling either ja, ju and jo, or zya, zyu and zyo. Also, for ちゃ, ちゅ and ちょ, you may spell either cha, chu and cho, or tya, tyu and tyo.

There is no innovative writing in hiragana as it is used only for pure Japanese words.

Now, try to read the following names, and compare with the recording:

[Main islands]

ほっかいどう
ほんしゅう
しこく
きゅうしゅう
Please write the above names in the window below



[Prefectures]

とうきょう
きょうと
ひょうご
Please write the above names in the window below



[Cities in Hokkaido]

おしゃまんべ
くっちゃん
Please write the above names in the window below



[Female names]

きょうこ
しょうこ
りょうこ          
ちょうこ
Please write the above names in the window below



[Male names]

りゅうたろう
りょうた
りょうすけ
しゅういち
しゅんすけ
Please write the above names in the window below



See if you can read following Japanese words, and compare with the recording:

きゅうり          [cucumber]
かぼちゃ           [pumpkin]
じゃがいも [potato]
しょうが        [ginger]
みょうが         [a type of ginger]
こんにゃく         [jelly made from devil's-tongue]
しゃぶしゃぶ  [cooking with thinly-sliced beef]
しょうゆ          [soy sauce]
しょうちゅう [distilled liquor made from sweet potatoes, rice, wheat, etc]
ちょうちょ           [butterfly]
Please write the above names in the window below



 
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